![]() Conflicting results may occur because of weaknesses in methods: an open-label design (participants and researchers were not blinded to who received the chromium supplement versus placebo), participants taking different diabetic medications, not measuring baseline chromium levels to determine deficient or non-deficient status, and participants with differing levels of diabetes control (e.g., high or low hemoglobin A1c values). Results of studies on chromium supplements and diabetes have not consistently shown a benefit, making a bottom-line conclusion difficult to establish. There is not one consistent measure to evaluate chromium content in the diet, and clinical tests to measure a deficiency vary (e.g., through blood, toenails, hair, or sweat). However, the exact mechanism of chromium in relation to insulin is not clearly understood. īecause of these findings, chromium supplements are popular among people with diabetes. ![]() Some clinical trials have shown a benefit with chromium supplements in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in participants with diabetes. Lower chromium blood levels have been reported in patients with diabetes compared with control patients without diabetes. Although they were given high doses of insulin, their condition did not improve until the TPN was supplemented with chromium. Case studies found that people fed solely through intravenous feeding, called total parenteral nutrition or TPN, in which chromium was not part of the feeding, developed chromium deficiency and hyperglycemia. Animal and human studies have shown that chromium supplementation corrects glucose intolerance in those who are deficient in the mineral. Chromium and HealthĬhromium has been identified as a key player in the action of insulin and regulating blood glucose. A UL has not been established for chromium, because a toxic level has not been observed from food sources or from longer-term intakes of high-dose supplements. UL: A Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily dose unlikely to cause adverse side effects in the general population. For pregnancy and lactation, the AI is 30 and 45 micrograms daily. Men and women older than 50 years require slightly less, at 30 and 20 micrograms daily, respectively. An Adequate Intake (AI) was set as an estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake for chromium.ĪI: The AI for men ages 19-50 years is 35 micrograms daily, and for women ages 19-50 years, 25 micrograms daily. There is not enough data to establish a Recommended Dietary Allowance for chromium. Vitamin B3 (niacin) and vitamin C help to improve the absorption of chromium. [1) It is also involved in the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrate, proteins, and fats. Chromium enhances the action of the hormone insulin. It is naturally present in a wide variety of foods, though only in small amounts, and is also available as a supplement. Micronutrients for Health.Chromium is an essential mineral that the body needs in trace amounts. Chromum Supplement (Oral Route, Parenteral Route).Retrieved from ![]() (4) Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. (2) Office of Dietary Supplements-National Institutes of Health. ![]() The Journal of International Medical Research 2007 35: 277-289 The role of vitamins and mineral in energy metabolism and well-being. There are no established upper limits for chromium for the Philippine population. Adults and teenagers: 50 to 200 mcg/day.No published guidelines for supplementation for the general public.įollowing are frequently used dosages of supplemental chromium for the prevention of a deficiency 5. Chronic dermal exposure may result to eczematous dermatitis with edema 4. However, since chromium appears to enhance insulin action, chromium deficiency may be a contributing factor to the development of type 2 diabetes 3.įollowing are symptoms observed after an oral intake of chromium (VI): epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, fever, muscle cramps, renal failure, and liver damage. Reports of specific chromium deficiency is uncommon. At present, there is no available information if inadequate dietary intakes of chromium will result in a deficiency. Signs and Symptoms of Deficiency or ToxicityĬhromium deficiency may result from long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) without concomitant chromium supplementation 3. Chromium is a trace element that is naturally occurring in foods.Ĭhromium helps regulate blood glucose by enhancing insulin action although its exact mechanism of action is still unknown 1,2.
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